Drill and blast method of tunnel construction pdf takeoff

This study has been done for one of boliden mineral abs mines in sweden. The drill and blast tunnel method is not always considered to be an option. Tunnel construction by a tbm begins with the excavation, then disposal of cuttings from the tunnel face, tunnel lining, and finally extending the services and rail tracks. October 2010, so any quantity takeoff backup provided for a line item unit price had to be taken at. The variation in tunnelling speed when excavating in favourable versus unfavourable ground conditions is also less for the drill and blast than the tbm method. Seminar on safety in tunnelling using drillandblast method. The different types of controlled blasting techniques are presplitting, smooth blasting, line drilling, perimeter blasting, and cushion blasting. The choice of excavation method depends on various factors e. Bored tunnelling is a method used for long stretches of tunnel. Excavation process drilling, blasting, excavation youtube.

It involves cutting rock by a full face boring machines. National seminar on construction industry inspiring through practice 154 construction of tunnel by conventional method in bhutan ugyen gyeltshen, general manager, hydropower construction division, cdcl abstract all large hydropower projects in bhutan constructed and those under construction have the components of underground excavation works. Tunnel excavation was specified as the hand mined method using controlled drilling and blasting. Program summaru the program reported herein is a study of an unusual spiral tunnel face geometry, conceived to permit continuous drill and blast tunneling progress. Most of the openings were developed by the drill and blast method, but the lower 50 m of the main tunnel approx. This is most suitable for tunnels passing through strong ground or for building smaller tunnels.

Further, the drill and blast method is characterized by a short mobilization time requirement due to the use of standard equipment. Tunnel lining assembled by precast segments tunnel boring construction method what is a tbm. Construction project management for highway tunnels. In drill and blast tunnelling, clearance of the muck lies on the critical path, which means that each minute saved here shortens the round cycle and thus the overall construction time. Highperformance drill and blast methods for tunnel construction require that each of the individual working elements that constitute the construction process are optimized and considered as a system of sequential and parallel activities. Lecture 4 drifting, drilling, blasting and scaling. Estimation model for advance rate in drill and blast tunnelling. Technical memorandum california highspeed train project. Unpredictable ground conditions, environmental requirements and geological factors makes tunneling a challenging job.

Isometric explainer animation for drill and blast tunneling method. The basic principles of blasting method, blasting geometry, charge structure, drillandblast parameters of. Pdf estimation model for advance rate in drill and blast. Practical tunnel construction civil engineering community. Jul 28, 2014 practical tunnel construction fills a void in the literature for a practical guide to tunnel construction. Traditionally, atbmwillbenamedafter lady tunnel boring. Like trenchless construction and horizontal directional drilling, drill and blast tunneling is a form of subsurface construction. The field work conducted at three sites along the proposed tunnel line involved the firing of 46 individual charges below the ground and had masses between. This is followed by application of an appropriate primary support. In tunnel construction, we differentiate between two excavation methods. Pdf drilling and blasting as a tunnel excavation method. Drilling rigs are used to drill blast holes on the proposed tunnel surface to a designated depth for blasting. The use of tunnel form produces high quality monolithic structures.

The basic principles of blasting method, blasting geometry, charge structure, drill andblast parameters of. Drilling and blasting an overview sciencedirect topics. Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. The opinion is that the drill and blast method offers a higher flexibility and consequently better opportunities to cope with unforeseen conditions. Tunnels in many countries routinely use this method of excavation. Reducing risk in long deep tunnels by using tbm and drilland. This paper based on a highway reconstruction projects.

Description of construction methods and activities. Drill and blast tunneling practices gerhard girmscheid1 and cliff schexnayder, f. In the past, the blast engineer went up and down to the face with the drill plans, said johan jonsson of atlas copco. The method of tunnel construction adopted for a project depends on various factors.

Many methods followed the traditional quantity takeoff format termed. Tunnel construction methods and tunnel construction. Different methods of tunnel construction and their details are discussed. For example, in central stockholm blasted tunnels are being constructed presently for both road and rail use. Drill and blast tunneling is a method of excavation involving the controlled use of explosives to break rock. Tunnel form construction technique was invented over 50 years ago. After discussing the processes of drilling, blasting and mucking, and highlighting the effects of blasting on the surroundings. A tunnel boring machine tbm is used to drive and cut through the rock the waste. Hardrock tunnel boring machines wiley online library. The drill and blast method is when a small drill is used to make bore holes where the explosives are inserted to blast away the material. Mar 16, 2017 today, in tunnelling projects, especially those in urban areas, there are differences in the cross section. The construction method drill and blast method, cut and cover method, tunnel boring or immersed tube tunnel to be adopted will depend on various factors, such as topography and geology, etc. Models for the analysis of tunnelling construction processes.

Furthermore, the simulation runs have estimated the total tunnel development times for the specified development lengths. Move your cursor over different colour sections to view more details of the construction methods. The drill and blast method is used in hard rock where boring with a tbm is difficult. Practical tunnel construction fills a void in the literature for a practical guide to tunnel construction. The west island line tunnel between sai ying pun and kennedy town is constructed with the drill and blast method. Stability analysis and support design of glandroud coal mine tunnel. The goal of the course is to give the students further knowledge and understanding of different factors which influence the efficiency, quality, hes and economy of drill and blast tunnelling. Vibration control in urban drill and blast tunneling.

Tunnel construction and tunnel engineering is considered to be one of the most sophisticated and specialized art in the field of civil engineering. Drill and blast method is mostly used method for the excavation throughout the. After discussing the processes of drilling, blasting and mucking, and highlighting the effects of blasting. This tunneling method involves the use of explosives. By taking the reader through a brief introduction and history to a comprehensive discussion of how the geological factors affect tunneling, the author covers the stages and technology that are common today without using complex equations. In most of the cases tunnel construction is expensive but it saves time and provides comfort. Base data essential base data of ventilation cooling design. Cost against diameter for cut and cover and drill and blast methods. In the fullface method, they excavate the entire diameter of the tunnel at the same time. Typical blasting methods for structural engineering. Orica mining services proposed a blast evaluation study that focused on the likely vibration levels that may be expected in drilling and blasting the tunnel. Pdf on jan 1, 2000, ozgur satici and others published drilling and blasting a s a tunnel excavation method find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. It eliminates the use of any subsequent wet trades plastering etc.

The choice of tunnelling method may be dictated by. Simulation and study of strength properties of rocks by measuring. The construction of a new utility tunnel associated with its hospital operations at the mcgill universitys downtown montreal campus that started in may 2014 and finished in april 2015 was carried out using drill and blast method. Drill and blast this tunnelling method involves the use of explosives. Construction control technology of drilling and blasting. Introduction this chapter describes the construction process for the second avenue subway. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunnel or road construction. Ppt study and quantification of tunnel works by drilling. Oct 05, 2012 practical tunnel construction is an important resource for students, construction managers, tunnel designers, municipal engineers, or engineers who are employed by government agencies or corporations that are exploring the feasibility of planning and designing or building a tunnel. It involves drilling charge holes advancing into rocks and using explosives to blast the rocks. Compared with tbm technology, the performance rate of advance for drill and blast excavation is lower in most cases. Mechanical excavation and drilling and blasting springerlink.

Senior construction advisor, atlas copco rock drills ab. Mar 19, 2018 isometric explainer animation for drill and blast tunneling method. Its suitability for medium to hard ground conditions has been well recorded 1. A summary of environmental merits and demerits associated with these methods are also given. Mtr shatin to central link construction construction. Excavation sequences, enlargement of excavation profiles for allowing displacement of the.

A tunnel construction is an underground passage provided beneath earth surface or water. Complete list of different methods of tunnel construction. Today, the drill andblast method is still widely practiced and used in building tunnels through hard rock where the use of tunnel boring machines is not. Although tbms are mostly used in tunnel construction, there are those who think. It is basically an operation to cast walls and slabs in one operation in a daily cycle. Drill and blast tunneling practices ctt consulting gmbh.

The main factors in choosing method are the hardness of the rock and rockmass properties. Highperformance drill and blast methods for tunnel construction require that each. Lives have been lost in several deep tbm tunnels in the last 20 years, and continue to be lost even in the last few years. Description of construction methods and activities a. In the world of underground construction, there are two main methods for the excavation of tunnels in rock. The method can be used in all types of rocks and the initial cost is lower than the mechanical method like tbm. Bradshaw construction used the drill and blast hand mine method to successfully install a combined spill way. These are conventional drill and blast and fullface boring, tbm. In this report, an effort has been made to examine and evaluate the current tunnel construction technologies employed in different mediums. It was the primary means of tunneling through rock prior to the advent of tunnel boring machines. Modern rock tunnels are excavated by primarily two methods. Drill andblast method the advancement of long tunnels through hard rock well before tunnel boring machines tbms were invented relied entirely on the drill andblast method. Explosives and timed detonators delay detonatorsare then placed in the blast holes.

In the last chapter a few challenging tunnelling projects with good vibration control practises are presented. Models for the analysis of tunnelling construction processes 3 of drill jumbos, number of platform trucks, and number of excavators. The conventional tunneling method is a cyclical process of tunnel construction that involves excavation by drilling and blasting or by mechanical excavators except the fullface tunnel boring machine tbm. Compared with bored tunneling by tunnel boring machine, blasting generally results in higher duration of vibration levels. Blast pattern the plan view of the drill holes as laid out for blasting. Handbook of tunnel engineering, volume i structures and methods. Tunnel construction methods and their comparison mining and. The total labor cost for drill and blast tunneling is high, but the total investment cost is less as. Click download or read online button to get practical guide to grouting of underground structures book now. Tunnels constructed with tbm tend to be slightly higher in cost than those constructed with conventional construction methods. Workers generally use two basic techniques to advance a tunnel. The tunnel route will run below the alps with a maximum cover of 1,600 m. Potential environmental impacts that could result from its construction, as well as mitigation measures to lessen their effects, are discussed in subsequent technical chapters. The drill and blast method is the most widely used technique for rock excavation in tunnelling and underground projects.

Drilling and blasti ng is the controlled use o f explosiv es and ot her meth ods such as gas pre ssure bla sting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. This will alter depending on the type of tunnel, the ground conditions, the tunnel length required and the project time pressures. Demolition dave drilling and blasting 19,634 views. At frontierkemper we are skilled at conventional drillandblast excavation as well as the shotcrete method also known as the sequential excavation method or new austrian tunneling method highway tunnels are often large in crosssection and require conventional drillandblast excavation methods. Drilling and blasting hard granite at upper beaconsfield duration. Uralasbest when blast holes are drilled with rollertype drill rig. It also points out that shock absorption should be adopted in the construction.

Nonetheless it has to be considered that the costefficiency of each construction method depends on the conditions of the ground as well as on projectdesign features. With our dynamic tunnelling package, the drill plan is generated on the drill rig and at the tunnel face. Tunnels, shaft and development headings blast design introduction tunnels, shafts, and raises are developed for a variety of purposes. Tunnel construction methods and their comparison mining. Preliminary ventilation and cooling during the construction. Drill and blast method is mostly used method for the excavation throughout the world. Furthermore, the affect of the swell factor of soil. Tunnel construction methods and tunnel construction projects in hong kong.

Compared with bored tunneling by tunnel boring machine, blasting generally results in higher. The outcome of this thesis was to translate the standard of each country to english and to compare them with an example cases. During the construction of the brenner base tunnel, the transportation of the. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to. For the drill and blast method, the study shows increased performance for two simultaneously drilled tunnels when compared with a single one. Jul 27, 2011 tunnel construction methods and their comparison. Tunnelling machines for partial face roadheader are also used for rock excavation.

For instance, an early 20thcentury blasting manual compared the effects of. A tunnel boring machine tbm is used to drive and cut through the rock the waste material is transported to the back of the tbm for disposal. The technique consists of the drilling of boreholes in the rock, the placing of explosives and blasting to properly fragment the work section. Drill and blast method is a widely used method in tunneling. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunnel or road con struction. Shafts are also used in civil construction projects. We offer extensive experience in shaft sinking and tunnel excavation and have an intimate knowledge of a wide range of excavation techniques, including the new austrian tunneling method sequential excavation method natmsem, tunnel boring machines tbm and conventional drill and blast techniques.

Tunnel construction methods and tunnel construction projects. In 1976, after the successful completion of the first section of the main sewage tunnel system lysaker majorstua, the tender documents for the. This will influence the selection of the route for the tunnel and whether it is economical or feasible to construct where there may be poor conditions or defects in strata. Types of tunnels shallowburiedtunnel or soft soil tunnel. The tunneling industry is abuzz about the upcoming brenner base tunnel project. The second technique, shown in the diagram below, is the topheading and bench method. For various reasons, drillandblast was usually not the method of first choice in these projects, and because the tunnels were long, the tbm method was chosen.

Controlled blasting is a technique of blasting, which is used to reduce the amount of over break and to control ground vibrations. Tunnel boring machine tbm a tunnel boring machine tbm also known as a mole, is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. Fullface boring is when a single large bore drills a tunnel with the same dimension as the bore head. They can bore through hard rock, sand, and almost anything in between. The tunnel passes directly beneath and adjacent to build. Different procedures exist, from manual to completely mechanised. Study and quantification of tunnel works by drilling and blasting method. The other method is mechanical tunneling which can be separated in full profile excavation and partial face excavation.